A diamond window is an optical window made of diamond materials, possessing the following characteristics and applications:

• Characteristics:

① Excellent optical properties: It has high transparency and a low absorption coefficient, demonstrating good light transmittance within a wide range of wavelengths from ultraviolet, visible light to infrared. It can ensure the efficient passage of light and reduce energy loss.

② High thermal conductivity: Diamond has an extremely high thermal conductivity, enabling it to quickly conduct away the absorbed heat. In working scenarios such as high-power lasers and microwaves, it can effectively prevent problems like window deformation and damage caused by heat accumulation, thus guaranteeing the stability and service life of the window.

③ High hardness and wear resistance: Diamond is the hardest substance in nature. Windows made of it possess strong anti-wear capabilities, are not easily scratched or corroded, and can be used for a long time under harsh environmental conditions.

④ Good chemical stability: It is not prone to chemical reactions with other substances and has a relatively strong tolerance to chemicals such as acids, alkalis, and salts, being able to adapt to various chemical environments.

• Application fields：

① Aerospace field: It is used in devices such as optical sensors and infrared detectors of satellites and spacecrafts. As a protective window, it can withstand harsh conditions in the space environment such as high temperatures, radiation, and impacts from micrometeoroids, while ensuring the normal operation of the optical system. For example, in the infrared imaging system for deep space exploration, the diamond window enables the detector to receive clearer and more accurate infrared signals, providing high-quality image data for scientific researchers.

② National defense and military field: It plays an important role in electro-optical weaponry and equipment such as infrared night vision devices, laser-guided weapons, and anti-aircraft missiles. For example, as a flat window for infrared weaponry, it can enhance the battlefield survivability of weapon systems under various harsh environments, resisting the damage caused by factors such as raindrops, dust, salt fog, as well as nuclear, chemical, and biological agents.

③ High-power laser field: It is an ideal window material for high-power lasers. It can withstand the irradiation of high-energy lasers without generating the thermal lens effect and optical damage, ensuring the efficient transmission and focusing of lasers. It can be applied in fields such as laser processing, laser weapons, and laser communication.

④ Scientific research field: In nuclear fusion experimental devices, it serves as a microwave window material for transmitting microwave energy of dozens of megawatts to achieve the heating and control of nuclear fusion reactions. In addition, in some scientific instruments that require high-precision optical measurement and experiments, such as intense laser physics experimental devices and synchrotron radiation light sources, diamond windows are also widely used due to their excellent properties.

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