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    • 2. The main application fields of functional diamonds:

    The so-called functional applications refer to the utilization of the special properties of diamond, including those in the aspects of electricity, magnetism, light, heat, etc., such as low friction coefficient and high elastic modulus.

    1. The cost of diamond films is dropping rapidly, and the prospects for large-scale industrialization of diamond films are emerging. At present, the hotspots of application research in the field of diamond films at home and abroad are mainly focused on nano- and ultra-nano diamond films, as well as the preparation and application of large-size single-crystal diamonds. Nano diamond films are most widely used in the micro- and nano-electromechanical industries, biomedical and biosensor fields.
    2. Large-size single-crystal diamond is a high-quality detector material, especially suitable for application environments that require extremely high detection sensitivity. Single-crystal diamond is the preferred material for particle and radiation detectors. Since single-crystal diamond has no grain boundary defects, its light transmittance is higher than that of micron and nano diamond films, and it has a wider range of applications in fields such as optical windows.
    3. The thermal conductivity of CVD diamond is five times higher than that of copper, making it an excellent material for manufacturing heat sinks. The thermally graded CVD diamond films used to fabricate the heat dissipation elements for high-power optoelectronic devices and high-power semiconductor diode lasers have been applied in optical communications and military engineering.
    4. Taking advantage of the high hardness and high wear resistance of diamond, combined with its excellent tensile strength and fracture toughness, it can be plated on the surfaces of non-ferrous metals, plastics, composites, etc. to manufacture wear-resistant parts, which are applied in high-pressure water jet cutting devices and electrochemical instruments.
    5. By using the chemical vapor deposition method to deposit and grow diamond on the outer surfaces of non-ferrous metal wires or non-metallic fibers, high-strength composite wires can be manufactured. Being lightweight and having high strength, they can be used in applications in the aerospace industry and high-end technologies.
    6. Diamond possesses excellent optical properties. It can transmit all light rays ranging from ultraviolet to visible light and infrared rays, and it is the only material with a wide range of far-infrared transmission. Besides, diamond has high hardness and excellent capabilities of resisting scratches, corrosion, and thermal shock. Therefore, it is widely used in the pharmaceutical, industrial, scientific research, communication, information storage, and military sectors.
    7. The special comprehensive properties of diamond can be utilized to manufacture the cup-shaped supporting parts of artificial hip joints. The radioactivity dosimeters made of CVD diamond have also been applied in medical dose control.
    8. Due to the characteristics of beam safety, rapid responsiveness, and absence of thermal modification noise in CVD diamond, it is an important material for fabricating detectors. By taking advantage of certain properties of CVD diamond such as radiation resistance, it can be used as the window material for millimeter-wave vacuum edge-cooling in particle physics detectors and research on thermonuclear plasma fusion energy.

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