The structure of diamond abrasive tools is generally composed of three parts: diamond layer (abrasive layer or working layer), transition layer (non-diamond layer), and substrate.

• 1. Diamond layer.

A pressed layer composed of diamond abrasive and binder together. It is the working part of the abrasive tool and plays a grinding role.

• 2. Transition layer.

A pressed layer composed of binder powder and without diamond abrasive. It is the transition part between the working layer and the substrate. Its role is to firmly connect the working layer and the substrate and ensure that the working layer is fully utilized.

• 3. Substrate.

It plays the role of supporting the pressed layer and is convenient for mounting and clamping abrasive tools. During use, a flange is used to clamp the abrasive tool on the spindle of the grinding machine through the substrate. There are various materials for the substrate. For abrasive tools with metal binders, steel is generally selected as the substrate and is made by mechanical processing; small-sized grinding wheels can also use metal powder molded substrates; large-sized grinding wheels may also use aluminum alloy as the substrate and are made by mechanical processing.

The purpose is to reduce weight. Under the premise of meeting the mechanical performance requirements such as rigidity and strength, the lighter the substrate, the better.

The performance of abrasive tools not only depends on abrasive and binder, but also has a great relationship with the substrate. The material, geometric shape, dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the substrate should meet certain requirements.

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