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    This section briefly describes the morphological characteristics of diamond.

    • 1. Chemical composition

    Pure diamond has carbon as its chemical composition. Diamond and graphite belong to the same allotropes of carbon. In practice, commonly seen diamonds, whether natural or synthetic, all contain more or less impurities.

    Type I diamond contains 0.01% to 0.25% nitrogen. Type II diamond contains no more than 0.001% nitrogen. Boron is one of the natural impurities of diamond and can also be artificially incorporated.

    The main impurity in natural diamond is nitrogen. The other common impurities are Al, Si, Ca, Mn, Mg, etc. Synthetic diamond contains more impurities, up to 1% or even more than 3%. The main impurities are graphite, catalyst metals such as Fe, Co, Mn, Ni, Cr, and carbides of these metals. The metal impurities contained change with the catalyst used for synthesis. In addition, spectral analysis has found that there are sometimes natural impurities such as Na, Ba, Cu, Ti, Zr, P, Sc, La, Lu, Pt, Ag, Au, Pb, and trace elements artificially incorporated such as Ce and Sb.

    The impurities in diamond are arranged along the crystal’s axis of symmetry. The distribution state is often linear. In addition, there are also flaky, rod-like, or granular forms.

    • 2. Color

    Pure natural diamond should be colorless and transparent. In fact, it often shows different colors due to various impurities and crystal defects. Natural diamonds are mostly light yellow. Synthetic diamonds often appear yellowish green. Those with more impurities show grayish green or even blackish gray.

    • 3. Density

    According to the report of De Beers Company, the theoretical density calculated from the lattice constant is 3.51525 g/cm³, and the measured result is 3.51524 g/cm³. The two are very close. The actual density of different products is generally between 3.48 and 3.56 g/cm³. In production, the bulk density is generally determined through experiments. The density and bulk density of diamond are two different concepts. The bulk density of synthetic diamond is generally 1.5 to 2.1 g/cm³. The more regular the particles are, the greater the bulk density.

    • 4. Crystal form

    The diamond unit cell belongs to the face-centered cubic configuration. The common crystal forms of natural diamonds are octahedrons, followed by rhombic dodecahedrons, cubes and their combinations, such as cube-octahedron combinations. There are planar crystals and convex crystals; there are single crystals and also polycrystals, such as spherical ballas diamonds. For synthetic diamonds, depending on different synthesis conditions, the crystal forms can be divided into octahedrons, cubes, cube-octahedron combinations, etc. Among them, the latter is the most common. Various intergrown crystals, irregular crystals and various crystal defects often appear in products.

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    Henan Yuxing Carbon Material Co.Ltd. is professional manufacturer and supplier of micron and nano industrial diamond powder in the world.

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